In 1969, New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison prosecuted Clay Shaw for allegedly conspiring to kill President John F. Kennedy.
Shaw, a gay man, was the only person ever put on trial in connection with JFK's assassination.
Garrison initially believed JFK's murder was a sadistic "thrill killing" plotted by Lee Harvey Oswald, Shaw and David Ferrie, who was also gay.
Garrison espoused that theory after investigators founds whips, chains and leather regalia inside Shaw's residence.
Ferrie died of a brain aneurysm before going on trial.
Garrison later embraced a revised theory that Shaw, Oswald and Ferrie worked for the CIA. He theorized the agency masterminded JFK's murder at the behest of the military because JFK was easing Cold War tensions and pulling out of Vietnam.
While Garrison's theory about the CIA may be true, he failed to connect Shaw to JFK's assassination.
It took a New Orleans jury less than an hour to acquit Shaw.
In 1976, the House Select Committee on Assassinations determined that Shaw did have ties to the CIA.
Rumors of Shaw's involvement in JFK's death continue to this day, though they've never been substantiated.
A successful businessman prior to his arrest, Shaw died of cancer in 1974. He was 61.
Speculation of a lesbian connection to JFK's death also persists to this day, though there's a similar lack of supporting evidence.
At the time of JFK's death, his accused killer, Oswald, was separated from his wife, Marina.
Marina resided in suburban Dallas with Ruth Paine, a Quaker woman who was separated from her husband, Michael.
Both women had two children, who also resided in the Paine home, while Michael resided in a nearby apartment.
Paine and Marina met at a party in February 1963 and began a brief friendship.
They lived together for about two months, up until Nov. 22,1963, when JFK was assassinated.
Ruth never charged Marina rent, noting the benefits she received from the friendship, including learning Russian, which Marina spoke proficiently.
In his 1967 best-seller "The Death of a President," author William Manchester repeatedly insinuated that Ruth and Marina were in a lesbian relationship.
Manchester quoted selectively from letters between the women, which were affectionate but could hardly be considered love letters.
In one letter, Marina wrote to Paine: "I kiss and hug you and the children."
"I love you Marina and want to live with you," Paine said in a particularly effusive reply.
Manchester also claimed that Paine intended to take Marina to a Planned Parenthood clinic, for advice on achieving sexual satisfaction apart from their husbands. But his book provided no documentation for this claim.
On the evening of Nov. 21, 1963, Oswald unexpectedly visited Paine and Marina at the Paine home, which is now a museum.
During the visit, Marina repeatedly rebuffed his entreaties to "quit Ruth" and live with him, according to Manchester's book.
"Again and again he repeated that her preference for Ruth was unbearable for him," wrote Manchester.
Inconsolable due to Marina's rejection, Oswald went "mad" and shot JFK the next day from a sixth-floor window at his workplace, according to Manchester.
Oswald himself was killed by Jack Ruby two days later, proclaiming his innocence to the end.
Manchester's book was billed as the definitive account of JFK's death, partly because it was commissioned by Jacqueline Kennedy, though she later dismissed it as "tasteless and distorted."
His insinuations of a lesbian relationship between Marina and Paine remain firmly entrenched in the minds of many Americans.
But extensive government investigations haven't yielded a scintilla of supporting evidence, and both women have consistently denied being in a lesbian relationship.
For his part, Lee told police he was grateful for the assistance that Paine gave to his family. He described it as a "nice arrangement," while he struggled to get on his feet financially.
In a 1974 People Magazine interview, Marina said, "They called me lesbian, because I had a friendship with Ruth Paine, who isn't that way at all. People are quick to apply names. I assure you I am normal."
Marina has also repeatedly expressed her belief that Oswald didn't kill JFK.
In 1996 on The Oprah Winfrey Show, Marina said Oswald had "absolutely nothing" to do with JFK's assassination.
Marina's denials apparently didn't hold any water with staunch anti-LGBT psychiatrist Charles Socarides.
In 1978, he gave a lecture about homosexuality at Lankenau Medical Center in Wynnewood, Pa., during which he repeated Manchester's canard that Marina's lesbian relationship with Paine drove Oswald to kill JFK.
When informed of Socarides' lecture, the late LGBT pioneer Barbara Gittings dismissed it as yet another attempt by Socarides to cast homosexuality in a negative light.
Ironically, Gittings was friendly with Paine, and Gittings' name appears in the exhibits released by the Warren Commission in 1964.
Ruth and Gittings sang in a madrigal choral group in Philadelphia, before Paine and Michael relocated to Texas in 1959.
Gittings described Paine as a very kind and generous person, who never gave any indication of being lesbian or bisexual.
After Oswald was killed, Gittings added, she felt sorry for the newly widowed Marina, and sent money to Paine.
"I didn't even realize Ruth knew Marina," Gittings continued. "But I knew Ruth lived in the Dallas area. And she's such a caring person, I figured she'd find a way to get the money to Marina."
Today, Marina, 73, lives in suburban Dallas with Kenneth Porter, an electrician whom she married in 1965.
Ruth, 82, divorced Michael in 1970, and she never remarried.
She lives in a Quaker retirement village in California and has a male companion in her life.
While we may never know who killed JFK, speculation about an LGBT connection to his assassination should be put to rest, once and for all.
Timothy Cwiek has written for Philadelphia Gay News since the late 1970s. He recently won a national investigative-reporting award from the Society of Professional Journalists for his more-than decade-long investigation into a Philadelphia homicide.
Oct. 30 forum on LGBT advocacy
Egalite Chicago will host a discussion on what's next in the landscape of LGBT rights and advocacy. The event will take place Thursday, Oct. 30, 6:30-8:30 p.m. at the Leo Burnett Building, 35 W. Wacker Dr.
The panelists are Windy City Media Group Publisher/Executive Editor Tracy Baim; Lambda Legal Midwest Region Director Jim Bennett; Equality Illinois CEO Bernard Cherkasov; and Chicago House CEO the Rev. Stan Sloan.
RSVP at FourColorProcess.eventbrite.com .
